Optimization of mushroom preservation parameters using box-behnken design (BBD): A Response Surface Methodology Approach

The rapid perishability of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms presents a major challenge in post-harvest management due to microbial contamination, enzymatic browning, and lack of protective outer skin. This study aimed to optimize preservation parameters for microbial load reduction using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Box-Behnken Design (BBD). Initially, a One-Factor-At-a-Time (OFAT) approach evaluated the effects of UV-C dose, gamma irradiation, storage time, temperature, and packaging thickness on microbial quality. Subsequently, BBD was applied to assess both individual and interactive effects of these variables. The results revealed that UV-C exposure at 254 nm and gamma irradiation at 2 kGy significantly reduced microbial load, particularly when combined with storage at 4 °C and packaging material of 40 µm thickness. The model yielded a significant F-value of 2.04 (p = 0.0468) with a non-significant lack-of-fit (p = 0.7906), indicating strong model adequacy. Validation trials under optimized conditions predicted microbial reduction of 1.2 log CFU/g, closely aligning with the experimental result of 1.3 log CFU/g (8.33% error). This confirms the robustness and predictive accuracy of the model. The findings are in agreement with earlier reports highlighting the efficacy of UV-C and gamma irradiation in microbial reduction without compromising mushroom quality. The developed RSM model provides a statistically sound and practical framework for enhancing mushroom shelf life and offers a scalable preservation strategy for fresh produce industries.