Strategic Implications of U.S. Intervention in Iran and the U.S.–China Rivalry for Global Leadership

The Middle East in 2025 is witnessing a sharp escalation in geopolitical tensions, particularly between Iran and Israel, amid a direct U.S. military intervention targeting Iranian nuclear facilities. This intervention marks a significant shift in the dynamics of the regional conflict and reopens critical questions regarding the legitimacy of the use of force and the regional balance of power. These developments coincide with an intensifying strategic rivalry between the United States and China over global leadership. While Beijing seeks to consolidate its influence in the region through active diplomatic mediation and the expansion of infrastructure projects under the Belt and Road Initiative, Washington continues to rely on its military superiority and traditional alliances.

This study addresses two main areas: the first analyzes the operational context, objectives, and strategic limits of the U.S. intervention; the second examines the implications of this intervention for China's regional strategy, the Belt and Road Initiative, and the broader future of a multipolar international order. In light of declining diplomatic mediation efforts and Iran’s growing nuclear ambitions, the conflict is reshaping the international political landscape in the Middle East, making it essential to understand its dimensions and consequences for both regional and global stability.