Application of borehole data for groundwater flow modeling of the shallow Benin Formation in Adeje, Egbeleku and Effurun in Delta State

Groundwater modeling is an important tool for determining the optimal groundwater management strategies. The extensive use of groundwater in urban and semi-urban areas makes it useful for monitoring groundwater levels. It is critical for water resource management to estimate the direction of groundwater flow using readily available information. The goal of this study is to investigate the direction of groundwater flow within the study region using the finite difference-based numerical model MODFLOW. MODFLOW is graphical user interface software developed by the United States Geological Society (USGS). It is commercial software that is popular among hydrogeologists due to its user-friendly features. The program is primarily used to simulate groundwater flow and pollutant transfer under various situations. This study aims to examine the diversity of its uses in groundwater modeling. Agriculture, airfields, constructed wetlands, climate change, drought studies, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), landfills, mining operations, river and flood plain monitoring, salt water intrusion, soil profile surveys, watershed analyses, and other areas have reportedly used the software till date. The study will provide light on the extent of groundwater modeling and research tools. The Groundwater Modelling System (GMS) software was used to create a conceptual model. Four (4) wells data and well-logs were utilized to model groundwater flow direction. The model was calibrated in steady state for Adeje and Egbeleku in Okpe LGA and Effurun in Uvwie LGA. The model shows that groundwater flows from the northernmost section of the research area; Adeje and Egbeleku Area, to the research study's southernmost region; Effurun Area. This is identified because higher heads tend to form in the north, while lower heads tend to appear in the model's southern sections.