Dietary pattern, nutritional status, and micronutrient levels in an elderly population in arochukwu local government area of Abia State, Nigeria

Background: This study aimed to evaluate dietary patterns, nutritional status, and micronutrient levels among elderly adults in Arochukwu L.G.A, Abia State. 

Statement of the problem: Meeting the diet and nutritional needs of older people is key for the maintenance of their health, functional independence and quality of life and as such the relationship between the dietary pattern, nutritional status and micronutrient level of the elderly population should be considered. 

Methodology: This cross-sectional study employed the WHO modified cluster sampling technique to select 352 participants. Dietary patterns, demographic and socio-economic data were measured using a questionnaire, and serum levels of vitamins C, B12, zinc, and iron were assessed through serum concentration measurements using standardized laboratory protocols. Data were coded analysed using SPSS v21. and chi-square tests. 

Results: The study revealed BMI proportions of participants as (39.2%) healthy weight, (38.9%) overweight and (21.9%) obesity. Dietary patterns varied, with 55.1% reporting fair appetite and 37.2% good appetite. Participants knowledge of basic nutrition was mostly good (71.3%).  A significant percentage of participants were deficient in the micronutrients of study, including (47.6%) in vitamin C, (62.55%) in vitamin B12, (41.55%) in iron, and (27%) in zinc. Significant associations were found between BMI and zinc concentration, and between sociodemographic characteristics and vitamin B12 and iron serum concentrations. 

Conclusion: This study highlights the need for targeted interventions addressing dietary patterns, nutritional knowledge, and micronutrient deficiencies among elderly adults. Recommendations include: implementation of nutritional education programs, vitamin-mineral supplementation, Integrated nutrition programs addressing micronutrient deficiencies, regular health checks, BMI monitoring and further research exploring sociodemographic factors influencing micronutrient levels.